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head of Ross MacPhee

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Antarctic Discoveries
scrapbook page with pictures of teams using telescopes, launching a weather balloon, surveying land, and doing experiments
close up of captain Scott bundled up outdoors

Two Goals

Amundsen had one goal: to reach the South Pole first. Scott had the same goal, but he also wanted to make scientific discoveries. 

“Science–the rock -foundation of all effort!” – Scott

crew holding weather balloon

Tracking Weather

George Clarke Simpson was known as “Sunny Jim.” He was the first professional meteorologist to go to the world’s coldest, windiest place. He carefully recorded the weather. And he used weather balloons to measure the temperature and air pressure.

crew member surveying Antarctic landscape

Surveying New Land

Geologist Frank Debenham mapped the uncharted areas of Antarctica. He also collected many rock samples. Some even had fossils of ancient fish! 

crew member at night outside with telescope

Stargazing Under Clear Skies

Did you know that Antarctica’s clear night sky is perfect for astronomy? It’s cold, dry, and far from any pollution or city lights. Here, Teddy Evans peers through a telescope at Jupiter. 

crew member in front of microscope in lab

Discovering Tiny New Species

Scientists were eager to study life that survive in Antarctica’s extreme conditions. Dr. Edward Atkinson used a microscope to examine tiny organisms called parasites. He discovered a new species of worm-like parasite that lived in a penguin’s intestine! 

Image Credits:

Scott, courtesy of the Library of Congress; weather balloon, courtesy of NOAA; Dr. Atkinson, Dr. Debenham, Evans with telescope, © Scott Polar Research Institute.